The common murre or common guillemot (Uria aalge) is a large auk. It is also known as the thin-billed murre in North America. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring in low-Arctic and boreal waters in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. It spends most of its time at sea, only coming to land to breed on rocky cliff shores or islands.
Common murres have fast direct flight but are not very agile. They are more manoeuvrable underwater, typically diving to depths of 30–60 m (98–197 ft). Depths of up to 180 m (590 ft) have been recorded.
Common murres breed in colonies at high densities. Nesting pairs may be in bodily contact with their neighbours. They make no nest; their single egg is incubated on a bare rock ledge on a cliff face. Eggs hatch after ~30 days incubation. The chick is born downy and can regulate its body temperature after 10 days. Some 20 days after hatching the chick leaves its nesting ledge and heads for the sea, unable to fly, but gliding for some distance with fluttering wings, accompanied by its male parent. Chicks are capable of diving as soon as they hit the water. The female stays at the nest site for some 14 days after the chick has left.
Both male and female common murres moult after breeding and become flightless for 1–2 months. In southern populations they occasionally return to the nest site throughout the winter. Northern populations spend the winter farther from their colonies.
A lumma madár Az északi félteke óceánjaiban a partok és szigetek sziklafalain fészkel, találkozhatunk vele Kanada, Alaszka, Grönland, Észak-Európa és Oroszország sziklás partjai körül is. Az Európában költő populáció 500 000 párból áll, ezekből 1000 Helgolandban (Németország) költ.Az ivarérettséget ötéves korban érik el. A költési időszak április-július között van. Évente egyszer költ. Egy fészekaljban egyetlen fehér tojás van, amely csúcsban végződik. Ez a forma biztosítja, hogy a tojás ne essen le a sziklák kiszögelléseiről. A tojáson mindkét szülő felváltva kotlik 30-35 napig. A fiatal madarak 18-24 nap után hagyják el a fészket, ekkor még nem is tudnak repülni, de azért a nyílt tengerre vezeti őket a hím.
muresan Common guillemot/mure(Uria aalge) Torquay living coast.Lumma madár. | |
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